ὦ

ὦ and [full] ὤ, an exclamation, expressing surprise, joy, or pain,

A O! oh! with nom.,

ὢ τάλας ἐγώ S.Aj.981

, etc.;

ὢ ἔβενος, ὢ χρυσός Theoc.15.123

: also c. gen.,

ὢ τῆς ἀναισχυντίας Luc.Pisc.5

; with interrog.,

ὤ, τί λέγεις; Pl.Prt.309d

; in the middle of a sentence, E.Hipp.362 (lyr.), al.

II with voc., a mode of address, whether at the beginning of a sentence or in a parenthesis,

ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Il.1.74

, etc., esp. in dialogue and Oratt., ἐβουλόμην, ὦ ἄνδρες, τὴν δύναμιν κτλ. Antipho.5.1; in invocations of the gods,

ὦ Ζεῦ τε καὶ Γῆ καὶ πολισσοῦχοι θεοί A.Th.69

, etc.; with imper.,

ὦ χαῖρε Id.Ag.22

, S.Aj. 91; ὦ πρὸς θεῶν ὕπεικε ib.371, cf. D.21.98: sts. following the Verb, E.Tr.335 (lyr.); in different number from the voc.,

προσέλθετ', ὦ παῖ, πατρί S.OC1104

, cf. 1112, Sch.Ar.Pl.66.

2 with nom. instead of voc., ὦ δῐος αἰθήρ, ὦ φίλος, A.Pr.88, 545;

ὦ γενναῖος Pl. Phdr.227c

;

ὦ οὗτος Αἴας S.Aj.89

;

ὦ οὗτος οὗτος Οἰδίπους Id.OC 1627

; also οὗτος, ὦ σέ τοι (sc. καλῶ) Ar.Av.274.

3 with both together,

φίλος ὦ Μενέλαε Il.4.189

;

ὦ τλάμων πάτερ S.Aj.641

(lyr., τλᾶμον codd. rec., edd.).

4 with the latter of two nouns,

Ἀγάμεμνον, ὦ Μενέλαε Id.Ph.794

.—In the first sense usu. written ὤ, in the second ὦ :

[τὸ ὢ] ἡνίκα θαυμαστικὸν λαμβάνεται βαρύνεται, καὶ χωρεῐ εἰς ἐπιρρηματικὴν σύνταξιν, οἷον ὢ Ἡρακλῆς EM79.13

: Thom.Mag. p.408R. prescribes ὢ with the gen., but ὦ with the voc., e.g. ὦ Ἡράκλεις, where the whole expression, and not merely the ὤ ([etym.] ὦ,) expresses surprise (but A.D.Adv.127.24 seems to imply ὦ in both senses); ὤ as an exclam. is found in forms like ὤ μοι, ὤ μοι ἐγώ, ὢ πρὸς τῶν θεῶν D. l. c.: but ὦ πόποι δυσὶ τόνοις χρῆται Hdn.Gr.1.503, so that ὢ πόποι is improbable, cf. Theognost.Can.158 (as emended by Lehrs Aristarch.3p.119); ᾤμοι and ὤμοι are both recognized by EM822.33, cf. Lex.Mess.p.413;

ωιμ' Sapph.Supp.23.4

; in E., when it stands in the middle of a sentence, it shd. be written ὤ, Hipp.362, al.: sts. doubled,

ὢ ὢ κακά A.Ag.1214

;

ἰὼ ὢ ὤ S.OC 224

(v.l. ὣ ὣ ὣ); written ὼ ώ in Pap. of S.Ichn.61; tripled,

ὢ ὢ ὤ A.Pers.985

(lyr., prob.). To those who (like D.T.640.11, cf. Sch. D.T.p.257H.) took ὦ for the voc. of the Art. ὁ, A.D.Synt.45.22-53 replies at length.